Definitions

1. Acute loading- application of a single force of sufficient magnitude to cause injury to a biological tissue.

2. Compression- pressing or squeezing force directed axially through a body.

3. Concentric- describing a contraction involving shortening of a muscle.

4. Eccentric- describing a contraction involving lengthening of a muscle.

5. General Motion- motion invlolving translation and rotation simultaneously

6. Hamstrings- the biceps femoris, semimembranous, and semitendinosus.

7. Impact- collission characterized by the exchange of a large force during a small time interval.

8. Longitudinal Axis- imaginary line aorund which transverse plane rotation occurs.

9. Quadriceps- the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius

10. Range of motion- angle through which a joint moves from anatomical position to the extreme limit segment motion in a particular direction.

11. Rotator Cuff- band of tendons of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor, which attach to the humeral head.

12. Sagittal plane- plane in which forward and backward mvements of the body and body segments occur.

13. Stability- resistance to disruption to equilibrium.

14. Stretch-shortening cycle- eccentric contraction followed immediately by concentric contraction.

15. Torsion- load producing twisting of a body aorund its longitudinal axis.

16. Transverse plane- plane in which horizontal body and body segment movements occur when the body is in erect standing position.

17. Extension- the movement that returns a body segment to anatomical postion from a position of flexion.

18. Hyperextension- the rotation beyond anatomical position in the direction oppossite of the direction of flexion.

19. Flexion- includes anteriorly directed sagittal plane rotations of the head, trunk, upper arm, forearm hand, and hip, and posteriorly directed sagittal plane rotation of the lower leg.

20. Menisci- cartilaginous discs located between the tibial and femoral condyles.

21. Joint Flexibility- a term representing the relative ranges of motion allowed at a joint.

22. Joint Stability- ability of a joint to resist abnormal displacement of the articulating bones.

23. Plantar Flexion- Motion bringing the top of the foot away from the lower leg.

24. Glenohumeral Joint- ball-and-socket joint in which the head of the humerus  articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

25. Impacted- pressed together by a compressive load.